---

Background and Aim: Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic disorder accompanied by increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, along with increased morbidity and mortality. In recent years, epidemiological evidence and clinical studies have indicated that dietary polyphenols and phytochemical-rich foods have key role in prevention of cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. The current review was conducted to investigate the mechanism of the effects of polyphenols in natural foods on prevention of diabetes-induced cardiovascular diseases. Materials and Methods: “polyphenols”, “phenolic acids”, “anthocyanins”, “flavonoids”, and “lignans” in combination with “type 2 diabetes”, “insulin resistance”, “cardiovascular disease”, “endothelial dysfunction”, “oxidative stress”, “inflammation”, “lipid disorders”, and “hypertension” were used as key words for search in PubMed between 1990 and 2013. Cellular studies, animal models and clinical trials with appropriate design, and review article with high quality were used. Results: Dietary polyphenols have high potential to improve lipid profiles through decrease in digestion and ingestion of dietary fats, increase in turnover and excretion of cholesterol, reduction of synthesis of atherogenic apo lipoproteins, and inhibition of cholesterol and triglycerides synthesis. These compounds protect vascular endothelium against oxidative damages and inflammatory processes, improve function of vascular endothelium, modify the pathways related to platelets and coagulation, and even protect cardiac tissue and improve myocardial hemodynamics. ‍Conclusion: Higher consumption of foods containing polyphenols and using polyphenol-rich natural extract can be useful in decreasing the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients.

---

Background and Aim: With increasing age, the risk of chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease increases. This disease is the main cause of death in 65 years old and older people in both sexes. This study was conducted for determination of prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its related risk factors in elderly. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, using cluster sampling, randomly a sample of 1012 participants with the mean age of 70.18.02 from Ilam Province was recruited at 1390. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS-16. Results: In the present study, prevalence of diseases and risk factors were as follow cardiovascular disease (36.1%), hypertension (53%), sleep disorders (40.1%), diabetes (15%) and 15% of them were smokers. Mean body mass index was 25.724.48 kg/m2. There was a significance difference between men and women in terms of hospitalization due to heart disease (p=0.001), in which frequency of hospitalization due to cardiovascular diseases was 4 folds higher in women than men (OR=4.38, 95%, CI: 2.5-7.66). A similar significant difference was observed between men and women in terms of diagnosed diabetes (p=0.001). Men had three times more sleep disorders than women (OR=3.05, 95%, CI: 2.33-3.99). ‍Conclusion: The big concern regarding cardiovascular diseases was that more than one-third of elderly were suffering from cardiovascular diseases and more than half had hypertension. Due to the fact that these diseases are preventable, more attention and consideration is required to manage and prevent its associated risk factors such as diabetes, obesity and smoking. Elderly, Cardiovascular diseases, Risk factor